Musi waApril 20, Minmetals Resources Co., Ltd. (MMG) yakazivisa paHong Kong stock exchange kuti lasbambas yemhangura mugodhi pasi pekambani yaisazokwanisa kuchengetedza kugadzirwa nokuti vashandi vomunharaunda muPeru vakapinda munzvimbo yemigodhi kuti varatidzire.Kubva ipapo, kuratidzira kwomunzvimbomo kwakawedzera.Mukutanga kwaJune, mapurisa ePeruvia akarwisana nenharaunda dzakawanda mumugodhi, uye kugadzirwa kwelasbambas copper mine uye loschancas copper mine yeSouthern Copper Company yakamiswa.

Musi waChikumi 9, nharaunda dzemuPeru dzakataura kuti dzichasimudza kuratidzira kupokana nemugodhi wemhangura weLasbambas, izvo zvakamanikidza mugodhi uyu kumira kushanda kwemazuva angangoita makumi mashanu.Nharaunda yakagadzirira kupa zororo pa30th (Chikumi 15 - Chikunguru 15) kuita denderedzwa idzva renhaurirano.Nharaunda yenzvimbo iyi yakakumbira mugodhi kuti upe vanhu mabasa munharaunda uye kurongazve vakuru vemigodhi.Mugodhi wakati waizotangazve mamwe mabasa emugodhi.Zvichakadaro, vashandi zviuru zvitatu vainge vambomira kushandira makondirakiti eMMG vari kutarisirwa kudzokera kubasa.

Muna Kubvumbi, mugodhi wemhangura wePeru waiva 170000 matani, pasi 1.7% gore-pa-gore uye 6.6% mwedzi pamwedzi.Mumwedzi mina yekutanga yegore rino, mugodhi wemhangura wePeru waiva 724000 matani, gore negore kuwedzera kwe2,8%.MunaEpril, kubuda kwe lasbambas copper mine kwakaderera zvakanyanya.Mugodhi weCuajone, weSouthern Copper yePeru, wakavharwa kwemwedzi ingangoita miviri nekuda kwekuratidzira kwenharaunda.Kubva munaNdira kusvika Kubvumbi gore rino, kugadzirwa kwemhangura yemugodhi welasbambas nemugodhi weCuajone kwakadzikira neanenge matani 50000.Muna Chivabvu, mimwe migodhi yemhangura yakakanganiswa nekuratidzira uku.Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, kuratidzira kunopesana nemigodhi yemhangura munharaunda dzePeruvia kwakaderedza kubuda kwemigodhi yemhangura muPeru nematani anopfuura 100000.

Pa 31 Ndira 2022, Chile yakagamuchira akati wandei mazano.Imwe pfungwa inodaidzira kuti migodhi yelithium nemhangura ive yenyika;Chimwe chirevo ndechekupa nguva yakatarwa kune zvibvumirano zvezvicherwa izvo zvakambovhurwa, uye kupa makore mashanu senguva yekuchinja.Mukutanga kwaChikumi, hurumende yeChile yakatanga nzira yezvirango pamugodhi we copper lospelambres.Chiremba cheChile chinodzora kwezvakatipoteredza chakaita zvipomerwa pamusoro pekushandisa zvisina kunaka uye kukanganisa kwekambani Tailings dziva rekukurumidzira uye hurema hwetsaona nechibvumirano chekutaurirana nechimbichimbi.Chilean Environmental Regulatory Agency yakati nyaya iyi yakatangwa nekuda kwekunyunyuta kwevagari.

Tichitarisa kubva kune chaiyo yakabuda yemigodhi yemhangura muChile gore rino, kubudiswa kwemigodhi yemhangura muChile kwakaderera zvikuru nekuda kwekuderera kwegiredhi remhangura uye kusakwana kwekudyara.Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kubvumbi gore rino, mugodhi wemhangura wekuChile waive matani 1.714 miriyoni, kuderera kwegore negore ne7.6%, uye zvakabuda zvakadzikira ne150000 matani.Mwero wekuderera kwezvinobuda unowedzera kukurumidza.Komisheni yenyika yemhangura yeChile yakati kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemhangura kwakakonzerwa nekuderera kwemhando yeore uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura.

Ongororo yehupfumi hwekukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kwemigodhi yemhangura

Kazhinji kutaura, kana mutengo wemhangura uri muhupamhi hwepamusoro, nhamba yekurova kwemugodhi wemhangura uye zvimwe zviitiko zvichawedzera.Vagadziri vemhangura vachakwikwidza nemutengo wakaderera kana mitengo yemhangura yakadzikama kana kana electrolytic mhangura iri mune yakawandisa.Nekudaro, kana musika uri mumusika wemutengesi wakajairwa, kuwanikwa kwemhangura kuri kushomeka uye kuwanikwa kuri kukwira zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti huwandu hwekugadzira mhangura hwave huchishandiswa zvizere uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mhangura hwatanga kuve nemhedzisiro mutengo wemhangura.

Ramangwana repasi rose uye musika wemhangura unoonekwa semusika wakakwana wemakwikwi, uyo unowirirana nefungidziro yekutanga yemusika wakakwana wemakwikwi mune yechinyakare dzidziso yehupfumi.Musika uyu unosanganisira huwandu hukuru hwevatengi nevatengesi, yakasimba chigadzirwa homogeneity, resource liquidity, ruzivo rwakakwana uye humwe hunhu.Padanho apo kuwanikwa kwemhangura kuri kushomeka uye kugadzirwa nekufambisa kunotanga kunangana, zvinhu zvinoita kuti munhu azvitonge uye kutsvaga rendi zvinoonekwa padyo nepamusoro pekubatanidza kweindasitiri yemhangura.MuPeru neChile, nyika huru dzine zviwanikwa zvemhangura, masangano evashandi veko uye mapoka enharaunda achave nekurudziro yakawedzerwa yekusimbisa chinzvimbo chavo chekutonga kuburikidza nemabasa ekutsvaga rendi kuitira kutsvaga purofiti isingaite.

Mugadziri wemonopoly anogona kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chemutengesi ega mumusika wayo, uye mamwe mabhizinesi haakwanise kupinda mumusika nekukwikwidza nawo.Kugadzirwa kwemigodhi yemhangura kunewo chinhu ichi.Mumunda wekuchera mhangura, monopoly haingoratidzwi chete mumutengo wakakwirira wakagadziriswa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kune vatengesi vatsva kupinda;Zvinoratidzwa zvakare mukuti kuongorora, kugona kudzidza, kuvaka chirimwa uye kugadzirwa kwemugodhi wemhangura kuchatora makore akati wandei.Kunyangwe paine vatengesi vatsva, kupihwa kwemugodhi wemhangura hakuzokanganiswe munguva yepakati uye pfupi.Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekutenderera, musika wakakwana unokwikwidza unopa hunhu hwechikamu chemonopoly, icho chine hunhu hwezvese zvechisikigo monopoly (vashoma vatengesi vanonyanya kushanda) uye resource monopoly (zviwanikwa zvakakosha ndezvamabhizinesi mashoma nenyika).

Dzidziso yezveupfumi yechinyakare inotiudza kuti huchenjeri huzhinji hunounza kukuvadza kuviri.Kutanga, inokanganisa kugadziridzwa kwakajairwa kwehukama hwekugovera-chinodiwa.Pasi pesimba rekutsvaga rendi uye monopoly, chinobuda chinowanzo kuderera pane chinobuda chinodiwa pachiyero chekugovera uye kudiwa, uye hukama pakati pekupa uye kudiwa hwakakanganiswa kwenguva yakareba.Chechipiri, inotungamirira kumari isina kukwana inoshanda.Mabhizinesi emonopoly kana masangano anogona kuwana mabhenefiti kuburikidza nekutsvaga rendi, izvo zvinotadzisa kuvandudzwa kwekushanda uye kuderedza shungu yekuwedzera mari uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzira.Central Bank yePeru yakashuma kuti huwandu hwekudyara kwemigodhi muPeru hwakadzikira nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekuratidzira kwenharaunda.Gore rino, chiyero chemari yezvicherwa muPeru yakaderera neanenge 1%, uye inotarisirwa kuderera ne15% muna 2023. Mamiriro ezvinhu muChile akafanana nePeru.Mamwe makambani ezvicherwa ambomisa mari yawo yekuchera zvicherwa kuChile.

Chinangwa chekutsvaga rendi ndechekusimbisa hunhu hwekuzvibata, kupesvedzera mitengo uye purofiti kubva mazviri.Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kushoma, inotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvevakwikwidzi.Kubva pakuona kwenguva yakareba uye kukwikwidza kwemigodhi yepasi rose, mutengo unodhonzwa wakakwirira kudarika chiyero chekugovera uye kudiwa (pasi pemamiriro emakwikwi akakwana), izvo zvinopa kukurudzirwa kwemutengo wepamusoro kune vagadziri vatsva.Panyaya yekupihwa kwemhangura, yakajairika kesi kuwedzera kwemari uye kugadzirwa nevacheri vemhangura veChinese.Kubva pakuona kwekutenderera kwese, pachava nekushanduka kukuru kwepasi rose copper supply landscape.

Mutengo maonero

Kuratidzira munharaunda dziri munyika dzeSouth America kwakakonzera kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwecopper mumigodhi yeko.Pakupera kwaChivabvu, kugadzirwa kwemigodhi yemhangura munyika dzeSouth America kwakadzikira nematani anopfuura 250000.Nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekudyara kusina kukwana, iyo yepakati - uye yenguva refu yekugadzira hunyanzvi yakadzorwa zvinoenderana.

Copper concentrate processing fee ndiwo mutsauko wemutengo pakati pemugodhi wemhangura uye yakacheneswa mhangura.Mari yemhangura yekuisa pfungwa pakugadzirisa yakadonha kubva pamadhora e83.6 / t pakupera kwaApril kusvika kune ichangoburwa $75.3/t.Mukufamba kwenguva, mubhadharo wemhangura wekugadzirisa wakawedzera kubva pamutengo wepasi pasi paMay 1 gore rapfuura.Nezviitiko zvakawanda uye zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kubuda kwemugodhi wemhangura, iyo copper concentrate process fee inodzokera kune chinzvimbo chemadhora makumi matanhatu / tani kana kunyange yakaderera, ichidzvanya purofiti nzvimbo yeanonyungudutsa.Iko kushomeka kwemhangura ore uye nzvimbo yemhangura kuchawedzera nguva iyo mutengo wemhangura uri mumhando yepamusoro (mutengo wemhangura weShanghai unodarika 70000 yuan / tani).

Tichitarisa kune ramangwana remutengo wemhangura, kufambira mberi kwepasi rose liquidity contraction uye mamiriro chaiwo ekukwira kwemitengo zvichiri izvo zvinotungamira zvemutengo wemhangura padanho nedanho.Mushure mekunge data yekukwira kwemitengo yeUS yakakwira zvakare muna Chikumi, musika wakamirira chirevo cheFed pamusoro pekukwira kwemitengo kwakasimba.Mafungiro e "hawkish" eFederal Reserve anogona kukonzera kudzvanywa nguva nenguva pamutengo wemhangura, asi zvimwechetezvo, kudzikira nekukurumidza kwezvinhu zveUS kunodzorawo maitiro ekugadzirisa kweUS monetary policy.